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| NASA Administrator Michael Griffin
speaks at a news conference at NASA headquarters in Washington
September 19, 2005. | |
It will cost $104 billion over the next decade to
send astronauts back to the moon, NASA's chief said Monday, defending the
price tag
as an investment the nation can afford despite the expense of
Hurricane Katrina.
The new moon exploration plan unveiled by the
space agency will use beefed-up shuttle and Apollo parts and aims to put
people on the moon by 2018.
"There will be a lot more hurricanes and a lot
more other natural disasters to befall
the United States and the world in that time, I hope
none worse than Katrina," NASA Administrator Michael Griffin said at a
news conference.
"But the space program is a long-term investment in our future. We must
deal with our short-term problems while not sacrificing our long-term
investments in our future. When we have a hurricane, we don't cancel the
Air Force. We don't cancel the Navy. And we're not going to cancel NASA."
The $104 billion price tag, leading up to an initial four-person lunar
landing and spread over 13 years, represents 55 percent of what the Apollo
program would cost in today's dollars, Griffin said. Apollo development
spanned eight years, from 1961 to the first manned moon landing in 1969.
The new space vehicle design uses shuttle rocket parts, an Apollo-style
capsule and a lander capable of carrying four people to the moon. The
rockets - there would be two, a small version for people and a heftier one
for cargo - would eclipse the 18-story space shuttle. The larger one, in
fact, would come close to the 36-story Saturn 5 moon rocket.
They would be built from shuttle booster rockets,
fuel tanks and main engines, as well as moon rocket engines. The so-called
crew exploration vehicle perched on top would look very much like an
Apollo capsule, albeit
larger.
The crew exploration vehicle would replace the space shuttle, due to be
retired in 2010, but not before 2012 and possibly as late as 2014
depending on the money available, Griffin said. It could carry as many as
six astronauts back and forth to the international space station.
If all goes well, the first crew would set off for the moon by 2018 -
or 2020 at the latest, the year targeted by President Bush who proposed
such an initiative last year. The same type of vessel could be used, one
day, to transport astronauts to Mars.
The new exploration plan would allow four
astronauts to stay on the moon for a week - twice as long as Apollo
missions. It also would haul considerably more cargo, much of which would
be left on the moon for future crews. In time, lunar stays of up to six
months would be possible.
(Agencies) |
美國(guó)宇航局局長(zhǎng)本周一宣布，在未來(lái)十年間，美國(guó)宇航局將出資1040億美元將宇航員重新送回月球。他還解釋說(shuō)，盡管卡特里娜颶風(fēng)給美國(guó)造成了巨大的損失，美國(guó)仍然有能力重金開(kāi)啟新一輪的登月計(jì)劃。
美國(guó)宇航局最新公布的探月計(jì)劃將使用新一代登月飛船和阿波羅飛船的部分組件，目標(biāo)是在2018年將人類(lèi)再次送上月球。
“在此期間，還會(huì)有更多颶風(fēng)和其他各種各樣的自然災(zāi)害降臨美國(guó)，乃至整個(gè)世界，我希望不會(huì)有比卡特里娜更糟糕的了?！泵绹?guó)宇航局局長(zhǎng)邁克爾·格里芬在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)。
“但航天計(jì)劃是一項(xiàng)對(duì)未來(lái)的長(zhǎng)期投資。我們?cè)谔幚矶唐趩?wèn)題的同時(shí)，也不應(yīng)犧牲對(duì)未來(lái)的長(zhǎng)期投資。當(dāng)我們?cè)庥鲲Z風(fēng)時(shí)，我們沒(méi)有撤銷(xiāo)空軍，我們沒(méi)有放棄海軍，因此，我們也不會(huì)在這個(gè)時(shí)候取消國(guó)家宇航局?！?
這項(xiàng)耗資1040億美元的登月計(jì)劃的第一步是將四名宇航員送上月球。按照通貨膨脹率折算，這項(xiàng)歷時(shí)13年之久的重返月球計(jì)劃其實(shí)只相當(dāng)于當(dāng)年“阿波羅”登月計(jì)劃費(fèi)用的55%，格里芬說(shuō)。當(dāng)年，準(zhǔn)備“阿波羅”登月計(jì)劃前后共花費(fèi)了8年時(shí)間，從1961年開(kāi)始計(jì)劃，到1969年人類(lèi)第一次成功地登上月球。
新一代航天工具的設(shè)計(jì)采用了運(yùn)載火箭部件、和“阿波羅”號(hào)類(lèi)似的太空艙和一個(gè)能夠搭載四名探月宇航員的登陸艙。新型運(yùn)載火箭分為兩種不同的類(lèi)型，體積較小的載人火箭和較笨重的貨運(yùn)火箭。和它們相比，18層樓高的航天飛機(jī)都相形見(jiàn)絀。實(shí)際上，其中較大的貨運(yùn)火箭的高度接近36層樓高的“土星5”月球火箭。
新型運(yùn)載火箭將由飛船助推火箭、燃料箱、主發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以及月球火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)組成。位于新型運(yùn)載火箭頂端的所謂的宇航員探險(xiǎn)飛行器看上去和阿波羅太空艙非常相似，只是更大了一些。
到2010年，航天飛機(jī)將退役，被宇航員探險(xiǎn)飛行器取代。但這一計(jì)劃在2012年之前很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，可能要推遲到2014年，主要取決于資金問(wèn)題，格里芬說(shuō)。宇航員探險(xiǎn)飛行器一次最多可以運(yùn)送6名宇航員往返國(guó)際空間站。
如果一切進(jìn)展順利，第一批宇航員將于2018年飛向月球，最遲不超過(guò)2020年，這是布什總統(tǒng)去年最早提出的想法。將來(lái)，這套航天設(shè)備還可以用來(lái)將宇航員送上火星。
新的探索計(jì)劃將允許四名宇航員在月球上停留一個(gè)星期，比“阿波羅”號(hào)在月球停留的時(shí)間多出一倍。新的探索計(jì)劃還將攜帶更多貨物，其中大部分將留在月球上，滿(mǎn)足日后登上月球的宇航員的需要。屆時(shí)，在月球上停留6個(gè)月將成為可能。
（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站 薛曉文譯） |
Updated: 2005-09-21 09:40
